Advances in membrane separation of urban wastewater effluents for (pre)concentration of microcontaminants and nutrient recovery: A mini review

This revision work focuses on the recent advances in separation of microcontaminants from urban wastewaters, using ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration membranes. Conventional systems show advantages such as low pressure fouling, competitive energetic- maintenance costs compared to reverse osmosis, higher rejection rates organic membrane distillation. However, these strongly depend temperature, flow, pressure, well surface charge concentration, challenging adequate treatment more complex matrices. Recent material science improved implementation possibilities different types. In conventional industrial processes especially wastewater treatment, offering not only cost reducing solutions for but also efficiency remediation a high variety wastewaters. Moreover, great potential applicability added value substance recovery wastewaters agricultural, chemical consumer industry, sustainable natural resources use. Finally, perspectives promising technologies combination methods trains, advanced oxidation processes, are given, aiming zero-liquid discharge, prevent valuable passing through focusing closing water cycle.